Issue 1, 2019

Rare-earth ion exchanged Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite from organotemplate-free synthesis with enhanced hydrothermal stability in NH3-SCR of NOx

Abstract

The relatively low hydrothermal stability of Al-rich Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts hinders their practical application in ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) reaction. Rare-earth ions were introduced into the Al-rich SSZ-13 zeolite using an organotemplate-free synthesis prior to the exchange of Cu2+ ions. Among the rare-earth ions tested (Ce, La, Sm, Y, Yb), Y shows significant enhancement of the hydrothermal stability and NH3-SCR activities after severe hydrothermal aging at 800 °C for 16 h when compared with Cu-SSZ-13 without Y. Cu–Y-SSZ-13 catalysts with various amounts of Y were prepared, and it is found that with increasing Y content, the low temperature NO conversions can be improved even after hydrothermal aging. SEM-EDX analysis together with two-dimensional multiple quantum magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (23Na MQ MAS NMR) confirms that the Y ions are successfully incorporated into the ion-exchange sites of the SSZ-13 zeolite. Results from 27Al MAS, 29Si MAS NMR, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and quantitative 1H MAS NMR indicate that Y can stabilize the framework Al and also preserve the Brønsted acid sites in the Al-rich SSZ-13 zeolite. The hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy (UV-vis-NIR) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) of nitric oxide (NO) or NH3 adsorption demonstrate that introduction of Y ions causes Cu2+ ions to preferentially occupy the 6-MR, which has high hydrothermal stability. However, too much of Y may lead to activity loss at both low and high temperatures. The optimized Al-rich Cu–Y-SSZ-13 with 2.8 wt% of copper (Cu) and 1.3 wt% of Y displays almost the same deNOx activities as the conventional organotemplated high silica Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst in a wide reaction temperature window of 150–650 °C after severe hydrothermal treatment. Rare-earth ions could be an effective additive for Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts to further improve their hydrothermal stability for practical applications.

Graphical abstract: Rare-earth ion exchanged Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite from organotemplate-free synthesis with enhanced hydrothermal stability in NH3-SCR of NOx

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
30 Sep 2018
Accepted
31 Oct 2018
First published
26 Nov 2018

Catal. Sci. Technol., 2019,9, 241-251

Rare-earth ion exchanged Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite from organotemplate-free synthesis with enhanced hydrothermal stability in NH3-SCR of NOx

Z. Zhao, R. Yu, C. Shi, H. Gies, F. Xiao, D. De Vos, T. Yokoi, X. Bao, U. Kolb, R. McGuire, A. Parvulescu, S. Maurer, U. Müller and W. Zhang, Catal. Sci. Technol., 2019, 9, 241 DOI: 10.1039/C8CY02033G

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