Issue 17, 2018

Enhanced NIR-I emission from water-dispersible NIR-II dye-sensitized core/active shell upconverting nanoparticles

Abstract

Recently, there has been a surge in research studies directed towards near-infrared (NIR) dye-sensitized upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) as they carry the prominent advantages of a broader absorption range and enhanced upconversion efficiency. Unfortunately, however, the UCNPs combined with the native form of NIR dye are of little use for biological imaging in the NIR-I or NIR-II window as the dye- sensitization process is mostly carried out in non-aqueous media. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose to employ a water-dispersible NIR-II dye (IR-1061) to sensitize core/active shell UCNPs and achieve sufficiently high upconversion quantum efficiency in aqueous media. We have particularly focused on achieving strong NIR-I emission rather than visible upconversion emission as the latter suffers from the problem of shallow tissue penetration depth. For this purpose, Pluronic F68-encapsulated water-dispersible IR-1061 dye was coupled with polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated NaYF4:Tm3+/Yb3+@NaYF4:Yb3+ core/active shell UCNPs. We thus achieved a 283% enhancement in NIR-I emission (i.e. 800 nm emission of Tm3+ ion) from water-dispersible NIR-II dye-sensitized core/active shell UCNPs via doping of ytterbium ions (Yb3+) in the UCNP shell, which bridged the energy transfer from the dye to the UCNP core. Practically, in comparison with the native form of the dye, this water-dispersible dye can also efficiently harvest irradiation energy, which is nonradiatively transferred to Yb3+ ions in the shell and subsequently to Yb3+ ions in the core. The latter sensitizes Tm3+ ions positioned in the core, thus generating upconversion luminescence from the UCNPs. We envision that our water-dispersible NIR-II dye-sensitized core/active shell UCNPs are not only potential candidates for a broad spectrum of photonic applications but that they will also find new opportunities in several biological applications.

Graphical abstract: Enhanced NIR-I emission from water-dispersible NIR-II dye-sensitized core/active shell upconverting nanoparticles

  • This article is part of the themed collection: Photonics

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 Jan 2018
Accepted
25 Mar 2018
First published
27 Mar 2018

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018,6, 4777-4785

Enhanced NIR-I emission from water-dispersible NIR-II dye-sensitized core/active shell upconverting nanoparticles

C. Hazra, S. Ullah, Y. E. Serge Correales, L. G. Caetano and S. J. L. Ribeiro, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6, 4777 DOI: 10.1039/C8TC00335A

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