Kinetically controlled synthesis of MOF nanostructures: single-holed hollow core–shell ZnCoS@Co9S8/NC for ultra-high performance lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

With the growing energy demand for a low carbon economy, it is important to develop new materials that can enhance the effectiveness of energy storage and energy conversion systems. We report a kinetics-controlled reaction for the synthesis of bimetallic organic frameworks. Furthermore, uniform ZnCoS@CoS yolk–shell structures were fabricated via sulfidation and then converted to ZnCoS@Co₉S₈/N-doped carbon single-holed hollow core–shell structures by calcination under nitrogen. Such a core–shell structure effectively withstands the dramatic volume change and inhibits the aggregation of metal nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the N-doped porous carbon offers fast electron transport to achieve exceptionally high rate capability. As a result, single-holed hollow core–shell ZnCoS@Co₉S₈/N-doped carbon shows admirable electrochemical activity as an anode material in lithium ion batteries. Furthermore, this paper also discloses the synergistic effect of the chalcogenide phase and metal on the Li storage capability.