Continuous detection of HCl and NH3 gases with a high-performance fluorescent polymer sensor

Abstract

A novel fluorescent triazine-based covalent organic polymer (COP-1) sensor for HCl and NH₃ gases has been designed and synthesized. Both the COP-1 powders that were dispersed in solvents and the COP-1 film that was formed on the surface of quartz sheets exhibited stable fluorescence and a sensitive HCl/NH₃ response. Immersion in HCl-bubbled solvents weakens and red-shifts the fluorescence emission of the COP-1 powders, owing to a protonation-induced charge transfer (CT). Subsequent injection of NH₃ into the solvents recovers the fluorescence via deprotonation. Interestingly, the microporous COP-1 film also shows a similar fluorescence response to HCl/NH₃ gas, with high sensitivity and good reversibility, which suggests that it could serve as a solid-state optical probe for continuous and quantitative detection of HCl and NH₃ gases. The formation of the red-shifting hydrogen bonds is found to be the origin of the response.