Time-resolved study of the plasma produced from animal muscle tissue using a Nd:YAG laser

Abstract

This paper reports studies on time-resolved laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of plasmas induced by Nd:YAG laser pulses on a sample lyophilized from swine muscle tissue. Samples were measured under vacuum conditions (0.1 Pa), and the laser was operated at 1064 nm, with 6–9 ns laser pulses. The behavior of specific neutral and ionized emission lines of K, Mg, Mg⁺, H, and O as well as molecular bands such as CN (B²Σ⁺–X²Σ⁺), C₂ (d³Π_g–a³Π_u), NH (A³Π–X³Σ⁻) and N₂ (c³Π_u–B³Π_g) was characterized. Spectroscopic diagnostics were used to determine the time-resolved electron density and excitation temperatures. This work complements our previous studies by comparing the different mechanisms of plasma formation depending on the source of excitation, both Nd:YAG and transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) CO₂ lasers. Plasma parameters, electron densities and vibrational temperatures of CN were measured from the temporal analysis of Nd:YAG induced plasma and were compared with the TEA-CO₂ induced plasma results. In addition, complementary Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and LIBS has been performed to assess sample homogeneity.