Synthesis and catalytic activity of N-heterocyclic silylene (NHSi) cobalt hydride for Kumada coupling reactions

Abstract

The electron-rich silylene Co(I) chloride 5 was obtained through the reaction of CoCl(PMe₃)₃ with chlorosilylene. Complex 5 reacted with 1,3-siladiazole HSiMe(NCH₂PPh₂)₂C₆H₄ to give the silylene Co(III) hydride 6 through chelate-assisted Si–H activation. To the best of our knowledge, complex 6 is the first example of Co(III) hydride supported by N-heterocyclic silylene. Complexes 5 and 6 were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 6 was used as an efficient precatalyst for Kumada cross-coupling reactions. Compared with the related complex 3 supported by only trimethylphosphine, complex 6 as a catalyst supported by both chlorosilylene and trimethylphosphine exhibits a more efficient performance for the Kumada cross-coupling reactions. A novel catalytic radical mechanism was suggested and experimentally verified. As an intermediate silylene cobalt(II) chloride 6d was isolated and structurally characterized.