Effects of crystal structure and composition on the photocatalytic performance of Ta–O–N functional materials

Abstract

For photocatalytic applications, the response of a material to the solar spectrum and its redox capabilities are two important factors determined by the band gap and band edge position of the electronic structure of the material. The crystal structure and composition of the photocatalyst are fundamental for determining the above factors. In this article, we examine the functional material Ta–O–N as an example of how to discuss relationships among these factors in detail with the use of theoretical calculations. To explore how the crystal structure and composition influence the photocatalytic performance, two groups of Ta–O–N materials were considered: the first group included ε-Ta₂O₅, TaON, and Ta₃N₅; the second group included β-Ta₂O₅, δ-Ta₂O₅, ε-Ta₂O₅, and amorphous-Ta₂O₅. Calculation results indicated that the band gap and band edge position are determined by interactions between the atomic core and valence electrons, the overlap of valence electronic states, and the localization of valence states. Ta₃N₅ and TaON are suitable candidates for efficient photocatalysts owing to their photocatalytic water-splitting ability and good utilization efficiency of solar energy. δ-Ta₂O₅ has a strong oxidation potential and a band gap suitable for absorbing visible light. Thus, it can be applied to photocatalytic degradation of most pollutants. Although a-Ta₂O₅, ε-Ta₂O₅, and β-Ta₂O₅ cannot be directly used as photocatalysts, they can still be applied to modify conventional Ta–O–N photocatalysts, owing to their similar composition and structure. These calculation results will be helpful as reference data for analyzing the photocatalytic performance of more complicated Ta–O–N functional materials. On the basis of these findings, one could design novel Ta–O–N functional materials for specific photocatalytic applications by tuning the composition and crystal structure.