Enhanced flame-retardancy and controlled physical properties of flexible polyurethane foams based on a shear-responsive internal network

Abstract

Solid additives are commonly used in manufacturing flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) to incorporate novel functionality for various application purposes. However, the viscosity change as a result of solid addition in the FPUF formulation can adversely alter the physical and mechanical properties of foam materials. Here, we report a shear-responsive internal network based on –P–N–H⋯O– interfacial hydrogen bonds between the polyether–polyol chain and a solid flame-retardant (FR) of 6,6′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis-(azanediyl))-bis-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (EDAB-DOPO) and its utilization in FPUFs. This interfacial interaction can stabilize the FR-polyol suspensions against sedimentation and it can be destroyed by shear force before foaming to control the fluid viscosity and thus control the physical–mechanical properties of FPUFs. The excellent dispersibility of FR particles from suspensions is well preserved in FPUFs by the optimized processes, which significantly enhances the flame retardancy of FPUFs with low FR content to achieve a HF1 rating in UL 94 test. The design of a shear-responsive internal network between solid additives and a polymer matrix provides a simple and practical method for producing functional foam composites.