Ultrasensitive hydrazine sensor fabrication based on Co-doped ZSM-5 zeolites for environmental safety

Abstract

Various Co-loaded ZSM-5 zeolites (Co-ZSM-5) were prepared and the details of their structural, morphological and elemental properties characterized by different conventional methods. A flat glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with the Co-ZSM-5 (150%-loading) materials to obtain a sensor for hydrazine (Hyd) which displays improved sensitivity, a large dynamic range and good long-term stability. The calibration plot (best acquired at a voltage of +0.4 V) is linear (r² = 0.9968) in the 0.01 nM to 0.01 mM Hyd concentration range. The detection limit is as low as 9.1 pM, and the sensitivity is ∼31.6455 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻². To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the determination of Hyd using a Co-ZSM-5 (150%-loading)/Nafion/GCE combination with the I–V method for environmental approaches and it has been applied in real industrial effluents and water from the Red Sea with satisfactory results.