The chemistry of titanium-based metal–organic frameworks

Abstract

Due to the many potential applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), research focusing on the design, syntheses, and surface modifications of the new generation of crystalline-based MOF materials has recently received much attention. Among these materials, MOFs based on Ti–oxo clusters are potential candidates for practical applications such as photocatalysis, CO₂ reduction, and pollutant degradation because of their high optical responsitivities and photoredox properties. The capabilities of Ti-MOFs in a wide range of applications are inspiring their use as a replacement for TiO₂, which has recently been classified as a potential carcinogen. However, the number of tianium–organic framework structures is very limited compared to the many structures of other MOFs. In order to emphasize the importance of discovering new Ti-MOF materials and their related features, this work aims to describe the chemistry of titanium-based MOFs, including their synthetic methods, crystal structures, and topological analysis, as well as further key novel applications, which are desirable for extension to many industrial fields.