Issue 12, 2017

Probing impaired neurogenesis in human brain organoids exposed to alcohol

Abstract

The fetal brain is highly vulnerable to ethanol exposure, which can trigger various long-term neuronal disabilities and cognitive dysfunctions. However, a comprehensive understanding of fetal brain development under ethanol exposure is challenging due to the limitations of animal models. Here, we propose a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based 3D brain organoid model, and explore the mechanisms underlying neural dysfunctions in prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in vitro. Brain organoids were examined to resemble brain organogenesis in vivo at early stages during gestation, with specific features of neuronal differentiation, brain regionalization, and cortical organization. With ethanol exposure, the brain organoids displayed attenuated neurite outgrowth and skewed neural maturation. Transcriptome analysis identified a series of new markedly altered genes and enriched pathways, such as GSX2, RSPO2, and the Hippo signaling pathway. These genes or pathways, to our knowledge, were reported to be involved in ethanol-induced impaired neurogenesis for the first time. Our new findings might facilitate better understanding of the various postnatal neural disorders observed in individuals with PAE.

Graphical abstract: Probing impaired neurogenesis in human brain organoids exposed to alcohol

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
13 Jun 2017
Accepted
31 Oct 2017
First published
09 Nov 2017

Integr. Biol., 2017,9, 968-978

Spotlight

Advertisements