Issue 6, 2017

Palladium(ii) and palladium(ii)–silver(i) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene and zwitterionic thiolate mixed ligands: synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic properties

Abstract

The integration of a geometrically rigid Pd(II), a coordinatively monotonous N-heterocyclic carbene 1,3-dimethylimidazoline-2-ylidene (IMe), and a flexible zwitterionic thiolate 4-(trimethylammonio)benzenethiolate (Tab) affords a class of Pd–IMe–Tab complexes with various nuclearities, namely, trans-[Pd(IMe)2(Tab)2](OTf)2 (2, mononuclear), cis-[Pd(IMe)2(Tab)2](OTf)(Cl) (3a, mononuclear), cis-[Pd(IMe)2(Tab)2](PF6)2·MeCN (3b·MeCN, mononuclear), [Pd2(IMe)4(Tab)2](PF6)4·2MeCN (4·2MeCN, dinuclear) and [Pd4(IMe)4(Tab)6](OTf)6(Cl)2 (5, tetranuclear). Further presence of Ag(I) in the assembly provides a heterometallic octanuclear cluster of [Pd4Ag4(IMe)8(Tab)10](PF6)12 (6). Compounds 2–6 are formed by the reaction of trans-Pd(IMe)2Cl2 (1) with various additional reagents via different reaction pathways. These compounds are characterized by means of FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. Notably, the skeleton of compound 5 features a [Pd4S4] parallelogram wherein each of the four Pd(II) centers bisects the edge defined by the S atoms. The main skeleton of compound 6 is an oval-shaped Pd4Ag4S10 unit, featuring an edge-fused norbornane-like (Pd2Ag4S6) framework appended by two additional PdS2 motifs at the polar positions. Compounds 5 and 6 also feature Pd⋯Pd (5), Pd⋯Ag and Ag⋯Ag (6) interactions. Compound 5 as a representative example is highly effective at catalyzing Suzuki–Miyaura couplings in water, highlighting the potential of applying these types of homo- and heterometallic clusters as catalysts for organic transformations in environmentally benign media.

Graphical abstract: Palladium(ii) and palladium(ii)–silver(i) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene and zwitterionic thiolate mixed ligands: synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic properties

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
06 Dec 2016
Accepted
04 Jan 2017
First published
04 Jan 2017

Dalton Trans., 2017,46, 1832-1839

Palladium(II) and palladium(II)–silver(I) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene and zwitterionic thiolate mixed ligands: synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic properties

Y. Wang, B. Gao, F. Wang, S. Liu, H. Yu, W. Zhang and J. Lang, Dalton Trans., 2017, 46, 1832 DOI: 10.1039/C6DT04599E

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