Near-infrared cyanine-based sensor for Fe3+ with high sensitivity: its intracellular imaging application in colorectal cancer cells

Abstract

The ability to sense iron ions (Fe³⁺) has attracted considerable attention because of the crucial role that Fe³⁺ plays in a variety of vital cell functions. In this article, two novel near-infrared (NIR) cyanine-based compounds CAM and CAT bearing specific binding functional groups were developed for the detection of iron ions (Fe³⁺). Intriguingly, compared with CAT, only CAM with an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acetamide group as the receptor can recognize the Fe³⁺ ion with high selectivity and sensitivity. The “naked-eye” color change from pea green to deep blue enables CAM to act as a highly efficient colorimetric sensor for the Fe³⁺ ion. Moreover, the unique NIR fluorescence response of CAM with Fe³⁺ was also observed in the presence of other competitive transition metal ions or cellular cations. Finally, CAM, with its excellent membrane permeability, was successfully applied for monitoring Fe³⁺ in colorectal cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy. This work offers a convenient colorimetric and fluorometric NIR Fe³⁺-selective probe based on the modification of typical tricarbocyanines, and cell imaging studies demonstrate that this sensor is capable of intracellular sensing of Fe³⁺ in living colorectal cancer cells, and eventually whole organisms.