Bud type carbon nanohorns: materials for high pressure CO2 capture and Li-ion storage

Abstract

Bud type carbon nanohorns (CNHs) are composed of carbon and have a closed conical tip at one end protruding from an aggregate structure. By employing a simple oxidation process in CO₂ atmosphere, it is possible to open the CNH tips which increases their specific surface area by four fold. These tip opened CNHs combine the microporous nature of activated carbons and the crystalline mesoporous character of carbon nanotubes. The results for the high pressure CO₂ gas adsorption of tip opened CNHs are reported herein for the first time and are found to be superior to traditional CO₂ adsorbents like zeolites. The modified CNHs are also found to be promising materials for lithium ion batteries and the performance is found to be on a par with carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers.