Mesoporous NiO with a single-crystalline structure utilized as a noble metal-free catalyst for non-aqueous Li–O2 batteries

Abstract

Mesoporous NiO nanosheets with a single-crystalline structure were investigated as an oxygen electrode catalyst in a non-aqueous Li–O₂ battery. The recharge voltage plateau achieved for the NiO-based Li–O₂ battery was ca. 3.95 V, ca. 200 mV negatively shifted compared with that for β-Ni(OH)₂ and acetylene black. The reaction mechanism during the charge process for the NiO-based Li–O₂ battery was intensively researched. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization indicated that Li₂O₂ and Li₂CO₃ were formed during the discharge process, which can be decomposed after recharge. These demonstrated that the NiO nanosheet exhibited a good activity for the decomposition of Li₂O₂ and Li₂CO₃. Furthermore, the results of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry test reflected two steps of the recharge process, i.e., the oxidation of Li₂O₂ when the potential was below 4.0 V and the decomposition of Li₂O₂ and Li₂CO₃ when the potential was above 4.0 V. Moreover, no obvious performance decay was observed in the NiO-based battery even after 40 cycles when the capacity was limited to 500 mA h g⁻¹, indicating an impressive cycling performance.