Calcined ZnAl- and Fe3O4/ZnAl–layered double hydroxides for efficient removal of Cr(vi) from aqueous solution

Abstract

Calcined ZnAl- and Fe₃O₄/ZnAl–layered double hydroxides (ZnAl–CLDH and Fe₃O₄/ZnAl–CLDH) were used as adsorbents to evaluate the uptake properties for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution by batch equilibrium experiments. The XRD, FTIR and TEM results showed that the calcined ZnAl–LDH and Fe₃O₄/ZnAl–LDH recovered layered structures according to the memory effect of hydrotalcite. Optimized conditions of Cr(VI) adsorption were obtained: 2.0 g L⁻¹ adsorbent, initial solution pH of 3.0 and contact time of 60 min. The kinetic data was described better by a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption isotherms had a good fit with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The adsorption mechanisms involved the reconstruction of LDHs, surface complexation, anion exchange and physical adsorption. The higher adsorption capacities of the calcined products suggested that the ZnAl–CLDH and Fe₃O₄/ZnAl–CLDH were potential adsorbents for Cr(VI) removal from water and wastewater. Moreover, the magnetic Fe₃O₄/ZnAl–CLDH can be easily separated using a magnet after the adsorption process.