Photochemically synthesized palladium nanoparticles with catalytic activity at ppb levels for C–C coupling reactions

Abstract

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) of mean size 3.5 nm synthesized by a UV-mediated photochemical method have been found to be very efficient catalysts in the C–C coupling reactions such as the Suzuki–Miyaura, Mizoroki–Heck and Hiyama reactions of aryl halides, including chlorides at catalyst loadings of 83 mol ppb while affording high yields and exceptionally high turnover numbers and frequencies.