A novel permanganate–morin–CdS quantum dots flow injection chemiluminescence system for sensitive determination of vancomycin†
Abstract
A novel and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) method was introduced for the determination of vancomycin based on implementation of L-cysteine capped cadmium sulphide quantum dots (CdS QDs) as a sensitizer in a KMnO4–morin CL system. Investigation of the optical and structural characteristics of the CdS QDs synthesized via a hydrothermal method was accomplished by applying X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the possible mechanism of the proposed CL system was discussed by exploiting the results of the kinetic curves of the CL systems and the spectra of CL, PL, and UV-Vis analysis. The CL intensity of the KMnO4–morin–CdS QDs system was significantly enhanced in the presence of vancomycin. Under the optimized conditions, the increased CL intensity was proportional to vancomycin concentration in the range of 0.004–19 mg L−1, with a detection limit (3σ) of 1.4 μg L−1. Moreover, the proposed CL method was successfully applied for the determination of vancomycin in environmental water samples and commercial pharmaceutical formulations.