Pulsed EPR spectroscopy distance measurements of DNA internally labelled with Gd3+-DOTA†
Abstract
Gd3+ is increasingly used in EPR spectroscopy due to its increased intracellular stability and signal-to-noise ratios. Here we present the incorporation of Gd3+-DOTA into internal positions in DNA. Distance measurements via pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in vitro and in cellula proved enhanced stability and efficiency compared to nitroxide labels.