An efficient and green synthesis of xanthene derivatives using CuS quantum dots as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst under solvent free conditions

Abstract

Efficient and environmentally friendly syntheses of xanthene derivatives by using CuS quantum dots (QDs) as a catalyst have been carried out. This catalyst has been recovered by using simple filtration and reused for multiple cycles without much lose of its efficiency. The procedure has several advantages, such as economic availability of the catalyst, a simple procedure, ease of product isolation, no harmful byproducts, less reaction time and high yields. CuS QDs (2–3 nm) have been proven to be a better catalyst than CuO NPs (18–22 nm) in terms of energy consumption, reaction time, yield of product and amount of catalyst used.