Heterogeneously copper-catalyzed oxidative synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using 2-aminopyridines and ketones under ligand- and additive-free conditions

Abstract

An efficient and mild heterogeneously CuCl₂/nano-TiO₂-catalyzed aerobic synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from 2-aminopyridines and ketones has been developed using air as the oxidant in the absence of any ligands and additives. This strategy was compatible with a large range of substrates, including unactivated aryl ketones and unsaturated ketones and went through the C–H bond functionalization mechanism instead of I⁻-assisted Ortoleva-King reaction to provide the corresponding imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in good yields with low catalyst loading (0.8 mol%). Moreover, the heterogeneous catalyst can be successfully employed in gram-scale synthesis and reused many times without the significant loss of catalytic activity.