Energetic salts prepared from phenolate derivatives

Abstract

Several organic salts with 1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 3 : 1 charge ratios (cation : anion) based on various cations and phenolate anions have been prepared. Their structures were characterized and confirmed by ¹H, ¹³C NMR, DEPT spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, MS and elemental analysis. Picric acid, 2,4,6-trinitro-m-cresol, 3-azido-2,4,6-trinitrophenol, styphnic acid, 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-benzenetriol, and their salts were synthesized by a straightforward and simple method. Thermal stabilities were determined from thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) measurements. Molecular structures of nitrophenols and their salts were investigated at the B3PW91/6-31G(d,p) level, and isodesmic reactions were designed for calculating the gas phase heats of formation. The solid state heats of formation for nitrophenols and selective nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds were calculated by the Politzer approach using heats of sublimation. Lattice potential energies and lattice energies of salts were predicted using the Jenkins approach. Finally, the influence of nitrophenols, nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds and their salts on the energetic properties has been discussed.