Template-free synthesis of TiO2 microspheres with tunable particle size via a non-aqueous sol–gel process

Abstract

TiO₂ microspheres with tunable particle size were prepared in alcohols without a template via a facile non-aqueous sol–gel process, on the basis of an ester elimination mechanism. The diameter of TiO₂ microspheres in the range of 0.4–2.9 μm was controlled by the ratio of methanol in the solvent.