Stabilizing amorphous calcium phosphate phase by citrate adsorption†
Abstract
The regulation of citrate on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-mediated crystallization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) is revealed in this work. The surface associated citrate on ACP plays the key role in controlling the nucleation of HAP by inhibiting the reaction of surface nucleation, and the effect of embedded citrate inside ACP or citrate in solution is weak.