A PEGylated-rhodamine based sensor for “turn-on” fluorimetric and colorimetric detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous media

Abstract

A water soluble turn-on fluorescent probe for the detection of mercury ions in water is developed by appending a water-compatible PEG-unit onto a rhodamine derivative. The probe, Rh1 responds to Hg²⁺ ions with an intense pink colour and orange fluorescence due to Hg²⁺ ion-induced opening of the spirolactam ring with high selectivity and sensitivity. The Job's plot reveals that a 1 : 1 stoichiometry was most favourable for the binding mode of Hg²⁺ and the probe. Preliminary studies revealed that the probe molecule is fairly non-toxic and can successfully penetrate the cell surface of HeLa cells and interact with intercellular Hg²⁺ ions, indicating its usefulness for monitoring Hg²⁺ ions in biological samples as well. The probe is highly efficient, cost-effective and shows a low detection limit of 0.14 ppm.