Issue 6, 2014

Translational study between structure and biological response of nanocellulose from wood and green algae

Abstract

The influence of nanostructure on the cytocompatibility of cellulose films is analyzed providing insight into how physicochemical properties of surface modified microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and Cladophora nanocellulose (CC) affect the materials cytocompatibility. CC is modified through TEMPO-mediated oxidation and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (EPTMAC) condensation to obtain anionic and cationic nanocellulose samples respectively, while anionic and cationic MFC samples are obtained by carboxymethylation and EPTMAC condensation respectively. Films of unmodified, anionic and cationic MFC and CC are prepared by vacuum filtration and characterized in terms of specific surface area, pore size distribution, degree of crystallinity, surface charge and water content. Human dermal fibroblasts are exposed to culture medium extracts of the films in an indirect contact cytotoxicity test. Moreover, cell adhesion and viability are evaluated in a direct contact assay and the effects of the physicochemical properties on cell behavior are discussed. In the indirect cytotoxicity test no toxic leachables are detected, evidencing that the CC and MFC materials are non-cytotoxic, independently of the chemical treatment that they have been subjected to. The direct contact tests show that carboxymethylated-MFC presents a more cytocompatible profile than unmodified and trimethylammonium-MFC. TEMPO–CC promotes fibroblast adhesion and presents cell viability comparable to the results obtained with the tissue culture material Thermanox. We hypothesize that the distinct aligned nanofiber structure present in the TEMPO–CC films is responsible for the improved cell adhesion. Thus, by controlling the surface properties of cellulose nanofibers, such as chemistry, charge, and orientation, cell adhesion properties can be promoted.

Graphical abstract: Translational study between structure and biological response of nanocellulose from wood and green algae

Supplementary files

Additions and corrections

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
03 Oct 2013
Accepted
25 Nov 2013
First published
26 Nov 2013

RSC Adv., 2014,4, 2892-2903

Translational study between structure and biological response of nanocellulose from wood and green algae

K. Hua, D. O. Carlsson, E. Ålander, T. Lindström, M. Strømme, A. Mihranyan and N. Ferraz, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 2892 DOI: 10.1039/C3RA45553J

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