Pulse electrodeposition of CoS on MWCNT/Ti as a high performance counter electrode for a Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cell

Abstract

Because of the large specific surface area and superior electrical conductivity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the high electrocatalytic activity of cobalt sulfide (CoS), CoS/MWCNT hybrid films are deposited onto Ti foil substrates by sequential electrophoresis and pulse potentiostatic electrodeposition. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy observes that the surface of the MWCNTs is wrapped with a nano-honeycomb CoS thin film of ∼55 nm in thickness. Cyclic voltammograms, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel polarization characterization indicate that the CoS/MWCNT/Ti counter electrode (CE) has better electrocatalytic activity for I₃⁻ reduction than Pt CE. Under full sunlight illumination (100 mW cm⁻², AM 1.5 G), the dye-sensitized solar cell based on the CoS/MWCNT/Ti CE achieves a power conversion efficiency of 8.05%, which exceeds that of the device based on Pt/Ti CE (6.39%).