Recent advances in LiFePO4 nanoparticles with different morphology for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

LiFePO₄ has emerged as the cathode material of choice for high-power lithium-ion batteries as it offers much higher energy density and excellent structural stability than other cathode materials. However, its performance factors such as energy density, power density, and cycle life depend on the nanoparticle morphology of LiFePO₄. This paper provides an overview of the effects of nanoparticle morphology on the electrochemical performances of LiFePO₄. The crystal structure and structural model of LiFePO₄ are depicted in detail. The synthetic methods, formation principles, characteristics and morphology–performance relationships of LiFePO₄ nanoparticles, including LiFePO₄/C nanocomposite particles, LiFePO₄ nanorods and LiFePO₄ nanowires are investigated. This is a typical review but it does not cover all nanostructured LiFePO₄ cathodes reported in the literature. Our major goal is to highlight some new progress in using the LiFePO₄ nanoparticles as cathodes to develop lithium batteries with high energy density, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability.