Crystallization kinetics of lithium niobate glass: determination of the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov parameters

Abstract

The formation of crystalline LiNbO₃ (LN) from LN glass has been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The LN glass with no glass former was prepared by the polymerized complex method. The isothermal kinetics of the crystallization process is described using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation and the Avrami exponent n is found to be ∼2.0, indicating that the crystallization mechanism is diffusion-controlled growth with a decreasing nucleation rate. The effective activation energy of crystallization calculated from isothermal measurements is 6.51 eV. It is found that the LN glass directly transforms into a rhombohedral LN crystal without any intermediate crystalline phase and most crystal grains are confined within the size of ∼40 nm irrespective of different isothermal temperatures. Application of JMAK theory to the non-isothermal thermoanalytical study of crystallization of LN glass is discussed.