Template-controlled fabrication of hierarchical porous Zn–Al composites with tunable micro/nanostructures and chemical compositions

Abstract

The properties of materials are largely determined by the microstructures and components of materials. The design of layered double hydroxide (LDH) based composites has garnered much interest as a way of fabricating novel multiscale architectures with tunable micro/nanostructures and chemical compositions. The present study aims at exploiting the Zn–Al composites for controlled synthesis of multi-scale structures and multi-component materials. Firstly, microscaled Al₂O₃ fibers are successfully fabricated via a simple, convenient, and cost-effective biotemplate method employing paper fibers as bio-templates. Then, the multi-scale architectures are designed by an in situ growth method, which involves direct growth of nanoscaled LDH platelets on the surfaces of Al₂O₃ fibers. Finally, the multi-component LDH based materials are prepared based on the controlled crystal growth of LDHs and ZnO. The microstructure, morphology, and textural properties of the as-prepared samples are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The experimental results show that the longer reaction times are favorable for the crystal growth of LDHs, and the higher hydrothermal temperatures are favorable for the formation of ZnO. This study shows that the design of multi-scale structures and multi-components Zn–Al composites can be extended for the preparation of other hierarchical LDH based materials with controlled morphological and tunable chemical compositions for separation, catalysis, adsorption, sensor, and optical applications.