Green synthesis of three substituted methane derivatives by employing ZnO nanoparticles as a powerful and recyclable catalyst

Abstract

An efficient and environmentally adapted synthesis of three substituted methane derivatives by condensation of a wide range of aryl aldehydes, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one using a catalytic amount of ZnO nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions is explained. ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED).