One-step solution synthesis of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) with various hierarchical architectures and their photoresponse properties

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a facile and phosphine-free one-step solution method to synthesize size- and shape-controlled bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) with hierarchical architectures. Changing variables, such as the reaction temperature, the ratio of precursors, and the concentration of oleic acid were observed to influence the resultant shape of Bi₂S₃ microstructures. For the formation of Bi₂S₃ hierarchical architectures, the crystal splitting growth mechanism played the dominant role. The absorption spectra were recorded at room temperature, which revealed that the obtained Bi₂S₃ product was a direct band gap semiconductor and the band gap Eg was estimated to be about 1.9 eV. Furthermore, the I–V characteristics of the Bi₂S₃-based device show a significant increase by ca. 1 order of magnitude compared with the dark state, indicating an enhanced conductivity and high sensitivity. The response and decay times are estimated to be about 0.5 and 0.8 s, respectively, which are short enough for it to be an excellent candidate for high-speed and high-sensitivity photodetectors or optical switches. Thus the Bi₂S₃ hierarchies as building blocks may offer the potential for monolithic, low-cost and large-scale integration with CMOS electronics.