A smooth rearrangement of N-p-toluenesulfonyl 2-tert-butyldiphenylsilylmethyl-substituted azetidines into N-p-toluenesulfonyl 3-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-substituted pyrrolidines

Abstract

The rearrangement of N-p-toluenesulfonyl 2-tert-butyldiphenylsilylmethyl-substituted azetidines into 3-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-substituted pyrrolidines under Lewis acid conditions in dichloromethane involves 1,2-migration of silicon through a siliranium ion. The formation of siliranium ion was discovered not to be in concert with σ_C–N cleavage from stereochemical analysis of the pyrrolidine products formed from 3- and 4-substituted-2-tert-butyldiphenylsilylmethyl azetidines and also from the optical rotation data and chiral HPLC analysis of the pyrrolidine product formed from N-p-toluenesulfonyl 2(R)-tert-butyldiphenylsilylmethyl azetidine. The formation of sterically less hindered siliranium ion is followed by its S_N2 opening by the internal nitrogen nucleophile. Oxidative cleavage of σ_C–Si bond leads to the formation of 3-hydroxypyrrolidines.