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We demonstrate the occurrence of electrokinetic phenomenon in paper substrates, by developing a simple “paper-and-pencil” device. The underlying electrokinetic phenomenon results in enhanced liquid transport through the paper-fibre matrix, which exhibits significant active electrical controllability and improved repeatability. These bear far-ranging consequences towards opening up a new paradigm of fluidics over small scales.

Graphical abstract: Electrokinetics with “paper-and-pencil” devices

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