Bio-oil upgrading at ambient pressure and temperature using zero valent metals†
Abstract
As a liquid product from the fast pyrolysis of renewable biomass, bio-oil has a great potential use as a O compounds are reduced from 9.8 to 3.1 mol%, and the pH value was elevated from 3.53 to 4.85, which significantly increased the chemical stability and decreased the corrosiveness of bio-oil. The possible formation mechanism of 13 newly formed compounds in the upgraded bio-oil was explored, and most of them were found to be derived from
O compounds. This work provides an economical and environmentally friendly approach for bio-oil upgrading.