Chloride supporting electrolytes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries†
Abstract
This paper examines vanadium chloride solutions as electrolytes for an all-vanadium redox flow battery. The chloride solutions were capable of dissolving more than 2.3 M vanadium at varied valence states and remained stable at 0–50 °C. The improved stability appeared due to the formation of a vanadium dinuclear [V2O3·4H2O]4+ or a dinuclear-