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Abstract | Cited by

This paper describes stepwise on-demand generation and fusion of femtolitre aqueous droplets based on interfacial tension. Sub-millisecond reaction times from droplet fusion were demonstrated, as well as a reversible chemical toggle switch based on alternating fusion of droplets containing acidic or basic solution, monitored with the pH-dependent emission of fluorescein.

Graphical abstract: Interfacial tension controlled fusion of individual femtolitre droplets and triggering of confined chemical reactions on demand

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