Using theory and simulation, we design a system of interacting microcapsules that effectively act like a relay: receiving a chemical signal from one capsule and transmitting this signal to another, so that a “message” is propagated over macroscopic distances. We utilize two types of capsules, which are localized on an adhesive surface in solution. The “signaling” capsules release inducer molecules (IM), which trigger the “target” capsules to release nanoparticles. The released nanoparticles can bind to the surface and thus, create adhesion gradients, which propel the signaling capsules to shuttle between neighboring targets. Using simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method, we first show how steady activation of one target can lead to periodic activation of the neighboring target. Using an approximate numerical model for the system, we also study the effect of a non-steady, periodic activation of the first column of target capsules on the propagation of the signal. We demonstrate that under certain conditions, the signal in the second column of target capsules reproduces the signal in the first target column. The latter result can potentially be utilized to transmit a chemical wave across long, linear arrays of synthetic microcapsules.
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