Programing the formation of DNA and PNA quadruplexes by π–π-stacking interactions

Abstract

Guanine (G) rich G₄T₄G₄ DNA and homologous PNA strands tend to form antiparallel dimeric quadruplexes. In contrast, the same DNA strands carrying planar aromatic 5′-residues preferentially form parallel DNA quadruplex. Conformation and composition of the DNA quadruplexes can be programed by π–π-stacking interaction exerted by the 5′-residues.