Issue 11, 2009

Organic–inorganic hybrid silica materials containing imidazolium and dihydroimidazolium salts as recyclable organocatalysts for Knoevenagel condensations

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid silica materials containing imidazolium and dihydroimidazolium salts prepared from monosilylated and disilylated monomers by sol–gel methodologies are active and reusable organocatalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate under solvent-free conditions. Our immobilized systems present higher activities than related homogeneous bis-imidazolium salts, showing the cooperative effect of the matrix surface and the additional advantage of easy recycling. The best performances were obtained with the material derived from polycondensation of a disilylated dihydroimidazolium salt in the absence of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).

Graphical abstract: Organic–inorganic hybrid silica materials containing imidazolium and dihydroimidazolium salts as recyclable organocatalysts for Knoevenagel condensations

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
04 Jun 2009
Accepted
12 Aug 2009
First published
08 Sep 2009

Green Chem., 2009,11, 1815-1820

Organic–inorganic hybrid silica materials containing imidazolium and dihydroimidazolium salts as recyclable organocatalysts for Knoevenagel condensations

M. Trilla, R. Pleixats, M. W. C. Man and C. Bied, Green Chem., 2009, 11, 1815 DOI: 10.1039/B916767F

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