Issue 3, 2005

Adaptation of a new pneumatic nebulizer for sample introduction in ICP spectrometry

Abstract

A new pneumatic nebulizer, the pneumatic extension nozzle (PEN), originally developed in technical laboratories, mainly for the production of rock and glass wool, is applied for sample introduction in ICP-OES. The droplet formation process under various operating conditions and geometries was investigated using a transparent enlarged model of the PEN. For the application in ICP spectrometry the geometry of the PEN was optimized and miniaturized with the aid of similarity theory. In comparison with a standard concentric nebulizer the miniaturized PEN generates an aerosol with a twice higher mass fraction of droplets with diameters D < 10 μm. An empirical model for the prediction of the mean droplet diameter is presented, using the nozzle diameter as a linear size scale. This model enables a better fit to experimental data compared with existing models. Applying the miniaturised PEN to a simultaneous ICP-OES instrument lowers the detection limits up to a factor of 3.5 depending on the element. The new pneumatic extension nozzle can be easily adapted to existing ICP-OES instruments.

Graphical abstract: Adaptation of a new pneumatic nebulizer for sample introduction in ICP spectrometry

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
14 Jul 2004
Accepted
22 Dec 2004
First published
18 Jan 2005

J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2005,20, 169-175

Adaptation of a new pneumatic nebulizer for sample introduction in ICP spectrometry

S. Groom, G. Schaldach, M. Ulmer, P. Walzel and H. Berndt, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2005, 20, 169 DOI: 10.1039/B410772C

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