Determination of environmentally important metal ions by fluorescence quenching in anionic micellar solution

Abstract

This work describes the effect of a variety of metal ions as quenchers of the fluorescence of naphthalene, in aqueous micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The quenching by the metal ions can be adequately described by the Stern–Volmer equation and the best signal to noise ratios are obtained with low micellized detergent concentrations. Apparent Stern–Volmer constants decrease in the order: Fe³⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Ni²⁺ and directly reflect the relative sensitivity of the method for these ions. Detection limits (defined as three times the standard deviation of the blank for n = 10) for the fluorescence quenching of naphthalene by the metal ions in aqueous micellar SDS are in the range of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³. The proposed fluorescence quenching method shows good repeatibility for a variety of added quencher metal ions, indicating that anionic micelle-enhanced fluorescence quenching by metal ions constitutes an analytical method of rather general application.