Inner shell definition and absolute hydration free energy of K+(aq) on the basis of quasi-chemical theory and ab initio molecular dynamics

Abstract

The K⁺(aq) ion is an integral component of many cellular processes, amongst which the most important, perhaps, is its role in transmitting electrical impulses along the nerve. Understanding its hydration structure and thermodynamics is crucial in dissecting its role in such processes. Here we address these questions using both the statistical mechanical quasi-chemical theory of solutions and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations predict an interesting hydration structure for K⁺(aq): the population of about six (6) water molecules within the initial minimum of the observed g_KO(r) at infinite dilution involves four (4) innermost molecules that the quasi-chemical theory suggests should be taken as the theoretical inner shell. The contribution of the fifth and sixth closest water molecules is observable as a distinct shoulder on the principal maximum of the g_KO(r). The quasi-chemical estimate of solvation free energy for the neutral pair KOH is also in good agreement with experiments.