A novel flow battery: A lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(ii) Part II. Flow cell studies

Abstract

The design and performance of a small redox flow battery is described; it is based on a single undivided, parallel plate cell with carbon electrodes and an acidic lead methanesulfonate electrolyte. It is shown that the cell operates as a secondary battery at charge/discharge current densities of 10–60 mA cm⁻². Typically, the voltage during discharge is ∼1.55 V, Coulombic efficiency >85% and the energy efficiency ∼65%.