Combined microwave and ultrasound accelerated Knoevenagel–Doebner reaction in aqueous media: a green route to 3-aryl acrylic acids
Abstract
The microwave and ultrasound combined aqueous Knoevenagel–Doebner reaction proves an efficient and eco-friendly route for preparing 3-aryl acrylic acids in good yields. This organic solvent-free protocol is valuable since rapid reaction rate, low energy consumption, waste minimization, simple operation and easier product work-up can be achieved.