Retention equilibrium and mass transfer characteristics in reversed-phase liquid chromatography using methanol–water mixtures

Abstract

Pulse response experiments (i.e., elution chromatography) were made in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) using a C₁₈ silica gel column and methanol–water mixtures of different compositions (ϕ). The moment analysis of the elution peak profiles measured in the RPLC system provided some items of information about four parameters characterizing the retention equilibrium and the mass transfer kinetics in the column, i.e., adsorption equilibrium constant, isosteric heat of adsorption, surface diffusion coefficient and activation energy of surface diffusion. Characteristics of the chromatographic behavior were studied by analyzing the dependence of the four parameters on ϕ and the correlation between them. It was found that surface diffusion was one of the important processes of molecular migration having a significant contribution to the mass transfer kinetics in the column. Both the adsorption equilibrium constant and the surface diffusion coefficient varied depending on ϕ. The direction of their changes was approximately opposite, suggesting that the mass transfer in the manner of surface diffusion was restricted owing to the retention of the sample molecules on the stationary phase.