Synthesis and reactivity of arylgold(III) complexes from aromatic hydrocarbons via C–H bond activation

Abstract

The reactions of anhydrous gold(III) chloride [AuCl₃]₂ with aromatic hydrocarbons (ArH) such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, mesitylene, cumene, methoxybenzene and chlorobenzene, and the following treatment with 2,6-lutidine (lut) gave stable arylgold(III) complexes [AuArCl₂(lut)]. These auration reactions proceeded heterogeneously in hexane and homogeneously in diethyl ether. The ¹H NMR spectra of the arylgold(III) complexes revealed that aurations towards aromatic compounds take place regiospecifically at the position with higher electron density and with less steric hindrances. The trans configuration of the arylgold(III) complexes was established by means of their far-IR spectra and confirmed for [Au(2,5-Me₂C₆H₃)Cl₂(lut)] by its single-crystal X-ray structure. The reactions of [AuArCl₂(lut)] (Ar = phenyl, 2,5-xylyl) with a terminal alkyne, phenyacetylene (HCCPh), afforded arylated phenylacetylenes ArCCPh.