Simultaneous determination of Cd(ii), Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) in surface waters by solid phase extraction and flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection

Abstract

A method for heavy metal monitoring using spectrophotometric detection is presented. Traces of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) at the low μg l⁻¹ level can be determined simultaneously after both selective removal of metal interferences and preconcentration using ‘extraction chromatographic resins’. Lewatit TP807’84, which contains di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid as active component, was used as solid adsorbent. Two minicolumns containing this resin were used: one at pH 3.2 for the removal of interferences, such as Zn(II) and Fe(III), and the other at pH 5.5 for the selective preconcentration of the target analytes. Spectrophotometric determination used FIA methodology with sulfarsazene as chromogenic reagent and partial least-squares multivariate calibration. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface waters from the Llobregat river and ground water samples from wells in the Guadiamar basin. Accuracy, expressed in terms of recoveries, was in the range 80–120% and relative standard deviations were below 10%.