Gas chromatographic determination of pesticides in vegetable samples by sequential positive and negative chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation using an ion trap analyser

Abstract

A selective and sensitive chromatographic method is described for the determination of nine organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The proposed method combines the use of positive and negative chemical ionisation and tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation, resulting in a significant increase in selectivity and allowing the simultaneous confirmation and quantification of trace levels of pesticides in complex vegetable matrices. Parameters relative to ionisation and fragmentation processes were optimised to obtain maximum sensitivity. Repeatability and reproducibility studies yielded relative standard deviations lower than 25% in all cases. Identification criteria, such as retention time and relative abundance of characteristic product ions, were also evaluated in order to guarantee the correct identification of the target compounds. The method was applied to real vegetable samples to demonstrate its use in routine analysis.