Indirect amperometric detection of underivatized amino acids in microcolumn liquid chromatography with carbon film based ring–disk electrodes

Abstract

An indirect amperometric detection of underivatized amino acids has been developed using a carbon film based ring–disk electrode (CFBRDE) in microcolumn liquid chromatography (LC). Bromide present in the mobile phase could be efficiently oxidized to bromine at the upstream (disk) electrode, and was subsequently detected at the downstream (ring) electrode. Most of the underivatized amino acids that are electroinactive under conventional amperometric conditions react rapidly with the electrogenerated bromine, the concentration of amino acids can therefore be indirectly determined by continuously monitoring the reduction current of bromine. The signal monitored at the downstream electrode was largely dependent on the bromide concentration in the mobile phase. Under optimized conditions, the response linearly increased with the concentration for most of the amino acids over a concentration range of 1–100 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.990–0.993. The detection limits for most of the amino acids were below 1 μM (0.2 pmol). It was demonstrated that detection with a ring–disk electrode offers the advantages of achieving a much higher collection efficiency caused by a decrease in flow rate in the microcolumn LC.